Ask a solicitor: Could I be sued if my cattle break out?
There is a special rule known as “Cattle Trespass” that was developed to specifically address the situation where cattle stray onto another person’s land, writes rural solicitor Karen Walsh.
Dear Reader,
There is a special rule known as “Cattle Trespass” that was developed to specifically address the situation where cattle stray onto another person’s land. In this situation, the animal owner will be liable for any damage caused, irrespective of negligence.
It is important to reiterate that liability under the Cattle Trespass rule only arises where cattle stray onto another person’s property on their own volition. Case law in this area also suggests that cattle include horses, sheep, goats, pigs, asses, and domestic fowl.
In the converse situation, if the cattle are driven onto another property, then the rule in Cattle Trespass does not apply and liability will be found in trespass.
An example of how negligence may arise in this instance might include driving too many cattle at once or failing to have adequate assistance to control the animals.
In relation to animals on public roads, the law in this area no longer makes a landowner strictly liable for his or her animals that cause damage or injury on a road. Instead, the wrongdoer is subject to the normal rules of negligence and nuisance.
The Animals Act 1985 states that a farmer has a duty to prevent damage by animals straying onto a public road. A farmer must show that he has exercised reasonable care in ensuring that his or her animals did not escape onto the public road.
A farmer must be in a position to show that he took reasonable care while having adequate fencing and a locked gate (if the circumstances require). The landowner is not required to prove how the animals came to be on the road and the fact that the animals succeeded in escaping onto the road is not of itself proof of any negligence on the landowner’s behalf.
Farmers should minimise the risk of liability by ensuring that they have a written document in place which outlines the procedure for carrying out stock movement in a safe, controlled, and responsible manner. Stock proof fencing is recommended.
Landowners should ensure that livestock have sufficient grass and water available to them at all times so that they will not stray because of thirst or hunger. It would also be prudent for the farmer to adopt a procedure which ensures that all gates leading onto a public road are padlocked.
Farmers have a higher duty of care in respect of dangerous animals such as bulls. Farmers must have regard to the animal’s nature, type, species, breed, development, and environment.
Bulls are naturally regarded as being more dangerous than lambs, for example. Thus, creating precautions on a higher degree of care must be exercised in relation to bulls.
It is not advisable for a farmer to place a bull on lands near a public roadway or on lands over which there is a right of way or where members of the public are known to congregate.
Email: info@walshandpartners.ie
- While every effort is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this article, Karen Walsh does not accept responsibility for errors or omissions howsoever arising. Readers should seek legal advice in relation to their particular circumstances at the earliest opportunity.
